Topic1:
Advertising is present in
almost every aspect of daily life. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
Before deciding what types of advertising are best, it is important for a company to define the audience they want to target. The specific group which a product is marketed towards is their target audience. Demographic information such as age, gender, education, and income level helps define a target audience. Placing your message in advertising venues focusing on this group, or demographic, is called target marketing and is essential to effective advertising.
Print mediums like magazines, brochures, and newspapers allow the marketer’s message to reach their target audience on the page. Magazines include articles and images intended to attract a specific type of consumer. Magazine publishers have extensive demographic information on their readers, allowing marketers to tailor advertising to speak specifically to their potential customers.
Broadcast advertising includes TV, radio, and Internet messages. Traditional forms of these types of advertisements are commercials shown during a television program or before a movie. Product placement advertising is a less obvious way to promote a product. With product placement types of advertising, companies pay to have their product used by a character in the program. When you see someone in a TV show or movie using a specific brand, this is product placement, or covert advertising.
One of the first instances bringing product placement to the public’s attention was in 1982 when the movie E.T. was released. In this movie, characters are seen eating Reese’s Pieces® candy. Sales of Reese’s Pieces® increased substantially as a result of their visibility in this incredibly popular movie, generating publicity about the effectiveness of this type of advertising.
Internet promotion is one of the newer types of advertising and can be accomplished in a number of ways. Flash advertising refers to messages that jump onto your computer screen and often move around. They can be hard to close and are annoying, but effective at gaining your attention.
Pop up and scrolling ads are other examples of these types of advertising. Pay per click advertising refers to marketers paying to have their web pages placed high on search engine results pages. These are also called sponsored links.
Outdoor advertising utilizes billboards and signage. These types of advertising include using cars with promotional messages on them, or large signs placed on the sides of buses. They can also be signs on scoreboards or in stadiums drawing the attention of large crowds and television coverage at sporting event
Topic2:
Modern advertising uses language, pictures, sound and colours to
sell the productsas well as possible. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
At the beginning of production, advertising will inform you what a
product is like, where you can get it and how much it costs. Later, it is
necessary to persuade the people to keep on buying or attract newcustomers to
buy. Modern advertising uses language, pictures, sound and colours to sell the
productsas well as possible.
The best times for
commercials are the times at which people wait for something special like the
news or sports. At these times advertising can be very successful, but it is
also very expensive.
TV is one of the most
powerful advertising medium, because you can get very detailed information about
a product. Depending on your target group you have to decide the time, when
your spot shall beshown. It is not useful broadcasting an ad about cars in the
children’s programmes because this is notyour target group, they cannot buy a
car.In the afternoon there are many films on TV, which are interrupted
regularly. At that time advertising
can be very expensive. In fact, TV-adverts have a strange impact. You
might have noticed how well you can remember slogans long after the spot is
over.
The prices for
full-page-adverts in national newspapers are roughly the same as for TV spots,
but you can also place smaller adverts in the print media. In local newspapers
you only pay a few pounds.The problem of adverts in newspapers and magazines
is, that they can attract the reader’s eyes only.This problem can be solved by
considering several factors:
• Only use right-hand pages for newspaper adverts, because you first
look at the right side.
• The colour is an important fact. Red signals mean danger and colours
of the dusk make us feel comfortable and save.
• The layout and the text are also very important parts of newspaper
adverts. The layout may take the readers look at the main information, and the
text is just to inform interested people.
Direct mailing is another
form of advertising. The companies get a list of names and addresses and send
leaflets to those people who might be interested in their products. Some people
find this directmailing irritating, wasteful and unsightly, so the leaflets
land in the rubbish bin.
Some people say, that
advertising persuade people to buy things they don’t need and to be wasteful, but
advertising also means creating more jobs. Regardless whether we like advertisements
or not, advertising has become indispensable in oureconomies. It has become a
market of its own and it offers a high number of jobs. Moreover,advertisements
are an important source of information for the public. And there is something
that we should not forget: Advertising enables us to afford such “luxuries”
like TV and newspapers, because without it, they would be considerably more
expensive.
Topic3:
Newspaper advertising is one of the most
common ways to advertise in many countries. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
Newspaper advertising comes in two major division: display or classified. Newspaper ads considered display ads are those that span multiple columns horizontally and often include graphics and borders. Classified newspaper advertising is in-column advertising that follows the natural flow of the column down the page vertically.
Classified advertising is usually the cheapest option for most people and appeals to those who are after a certain market. For example, those seeking to rent an apartment, find a job, or buy a pet typically may use classified ads to aid in their searching. Although not traditional to classified ads, many publications offer small graphics and borders with classified ads. Classified ads are usually found in a specific section.
Display ads are generally higher profile ads that take up, in many cases, significant portions of the page. Typically, display ads may take up an eighth, quarter, half or full page. In some cases, the ad may take up two facing pages, those these ads are rare in newspaper advertising simply because of the cost. Display ads may either be in color or black and white, with the color option costing more. Display ads can be found throughout the paper.
In many cases, newspapers offer services to advertisers to help them design effective display pieces. In all cases, the advertiser has the right to refuse or accept this service. In some cases, the newspaper may choose not to publish an ad that it deems offensive or libelous. However, newspapers must be careful when rejecting ads and often work with the advertiser to revise the ad so it is suitable for publication.
In a relatively new development, some newspapers offer a package of advertising that not only includes newspaper advertising but online advertising on the newspaper's Web site as well. This helps alleviate fears among some advertisers that their target audience may not be reading the newspaper, but simply going online. Most newspapers that have Web sites offer some sort of online advertising in addition to their newspaper advertising, though not all publications package the two together.
Topic3:
Nearly all magazines depend
on the revenue generated by their advertisers to stay in business.
Typical
Essay:
Magazine advertising is the
ads you see placed throughout publications. Starting up or maintaining a
magazine is dependant on a few factors, but one of the most important is
advertising. Magazine advertising can make or break a publication. Nearly all
magazines depend on the revenue generated by their advertisers to stay in business.It is very important to have magazine advertising in place before a new publication is placed on the market. At the beginning, the revenue from ads can pay for staff wages and help with the start up costs. Not only that, but the right type of advertisement placed through a magazine can also boost the magazine's sales.
The diversity of magazines available today is staggering. From dog lovers to funeral directors, there seems to be a magazine for everyone. Advertisers are aware that a strategically placed ad in the right magazine can improve their business many times over.
If you look at the glossy magazines, they seem to be almost 80% advertisements. The reason for this is that magazines such as GQ or Vogue are seen as aspirational magazines. The magazine advertising within their pages reflects the message of the magazine and the audience they are trying to reach.
People who read GQ or Vogue are supposedly the elite in terms of lifestyle. They are up to the minute in areas such as fashion and they have a large disposable income. The magazine advertising in GQ and Vogue caters specifically to that audience – designer clothes, high performance cars, luxury living. Whole features can be written around a product.
Sometimes a product is interwoven through a feature without the reader being aware of it. It may be a feature on a day at a certain spa in which a number of products are mentioned. The magazine advertising in this feature is not only the spa, but also the products used at the spa. These types of articles are seen as advice givers, and their potential for pushing a product is huge. They can market the product to millions of people through their recommendation in the magazine.
Billions of dollars are spent annually on magazine advertising. Because of the amount of money involved, the brands that are being advertised, more often than not, have a say in what will be in the magazine. They can stipulate where they would like the ad, what type of content should be placed next to it and even what should not be in the magazine in which they are placing the ad.
Magazine advertising is one of the most powerful marketing tools available. An ad placed in a magazine can improve sales enormously. Editors are, however, aware of the editorial changes that can be made by corporations through magazine advertising. Magazine advertising by major corporations nearly always has a content impact on the magazine. This editorial power has to be weighed up when deciding on the advertising and the money involved.
Topic5:
Online advertising has become one of the
common ways to advertise in many countries. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
Online advertising is
simply advertising that is done over the Internet. For those interested in such
a strategy, there are a number of options and some have found a way to
advertise online through things that do not appear to be traditional
advertising mediums. While the effects of online advertising are still being
studied, it is a rapidly-growing segment of the advertising dollar.As more people turn to the Internet as a source for daily news, socialization and communication, more advertising dollars are likely to be spent. In fact, in a period of five years, from 2006 to 2010, online advertising is expected to increase from 6 percent of all money spent for advertising, to 12 percent or more. That could signify the beginning of a fundamental shift in how all advertising dollars are spent.
Online advertising is also quickly becoming a serious force for other types of advertising media to deal with. Newspapers and magazines all over the world are facing a number of different challenges, including loss of ad revenue. Many attribute some of those struggles to online advertising, which is not only taking a share of the advertising, but a share of the audience as well. This is especially true of the young adult male audience, which is a target demographic of many advertisers.
However, newspapers and magazines are not the only media dealing with lower revenue. The remarkable thing about online advertising is its ability to cut across the spectrum. For example, online ads can look like television commercials or print ads. The possibilities are limitless. Further, because of hypertext linking, advertisers have the power to transport potential buyers directly to their site, or a site selling their products.
In some cases, online advertising may not look like advertising at all. There was one case where a video was put on an online video sharing Web site supposedly showing popcorn being popped by radiation put out from mobile phones. While this was later revealed as a hoax, the company that put the video online received a substantial amount of free, or nearly free, publicity. The company sold headset devices meant to help limit an individual's exposure to radiation.
Online advertising is also appealing to some advertisers because, with some types of ads, there is no pay unless there are results. With click-through advertising, the advertiser only pays if a user clicks on the ad. This type of strategy can make advertising very cost effective, especially for those who do not have large advertising budgets.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-online-advertising.htm
Topic6:
Some people think that the radio is a less
effective advertising means.Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
While many people may view
radio as a less popular medium than the Internet or television, the truth is
that radio still manages to penetrate areas of our daily lives still off-limits
to other media. Consumers can listen to radio in their vehicles, in waiting
rooms, in many restaurants and a number of grocery stores. Radio advertising
targets that captive audience through a series of 30 second or 60 second spots
which promote products or services in a memorable way.Radio advertising is based on the idea of creating an audio-only environment and placing the listener inside of it. A typical radio spot features a professional voice-over artist reading descriptive copy over an appropriate bed of background music. Important information may be repeated several times over the course of the spot, such as contact phone numbers, addresses, website URLs, or a geographical reference. As one spot of radio advertising ends, another spot begins and the process continues until the program resumes.
Some radio advertising can be very elaborate, using several different voice actors to perform a short comedic spot or customized music to punch up the most important parts of the advertising copy. Other radio advertising, especially when produced by a local radio station, is more straightforward, with a recognizable disk jockey or business owner providing the voice-over. Depending on the size of the radio station and the client's budget, on-air talent may be responsible for the production of radio advertising or it may be farmed out to a professional advertising agency to achieve the client's vision.
Because radio station managers have a limited number of minutes available for advertising during an average hour, radio spots tend to last either 30 or 60 seconds. A station may build in several scheduled breaks during an hour, typically at twenty minutes or so after the top of the hour and twenty minutes before the top of the next hour. If there is enough radio advertising spots available, additional breaks at ten minutes before the hour and ten minutes after the hours may be added. Each break may have two to three minutes allotted for spots, which can be introduced with a station jingle or a longer promotion called a sweep.
Advertisers generally pay for the number of times a particular radio spot is played, or "dropped" in radio lingo. A radio ad dropped primarily during the overnight hours may be less expensive than a similar ad dropped during the popular morning or afternoon drive times. Radio advertising, especially for a popular station with a powerful transmitter, can be a considerable expense up front, but the number of potential listeners within range of the station is often exponentially higher than subscribers to local newspapers or regular viewers of local television stations.
Topic7:
The better
colours are, the more effective your advertising is. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
The best colours for
advertising are those that make people comfortable or stimulate their senses. A
colour scheme that incorporates warm colors encourages people to linger,
leading restaurants to choose deep burgundy, burnt orange and similar colours.
They stimulate warmth and comfort, and when people relax over dinner, they are
more likely to enjoy a leisurely dessert or a nice cup of coffee, thus spending
more money.Hot colours are some of the best colours for advertising when it comes to products like fast food. Bright red and yellow are hot colours, indicative of fire, and they stimulate excitement. Warm and hot colours will encourage people to eat more, which translates to revenue. Virtually all logos, advertisements and menus of fast food chains feature these colours, which is no accident. Companies rely on the extensive research that has been done in this field, to get the most for their advertising dollars.
Cool colours have their own niche. Colours like green and blue are some of the best colours for advertising when it comes to over the counter medicines and other health products. Blue is associated with tranquility, and also represents water, a life force. The colour blue can actually slow a person's heart rate, and it reduces appetite, (which is why is not chosen for restaurants). Certain shades of blue indicate dependability, making it a good colour for business ads. Blue is also a popular colour for uniforms, worn by mail carriers, security guards and other officials. Darker blue uniforms are usually worn by more authoritative figures, such as police officers.
It has been debated whether or not blue is one of the best colours for advertising online. Many websites use at least some blue in their colour schemes. Whether or not it is one of the best colours for advertising, it is a popular choice for online ads. Colours like sky blue and certain shades of green can also be effective since they evoke the feeling of being outdoors.
According to research, black and white can be two of the best colours for advertising. They are used to signify power and create a sense that the company is highly professional. Often a splash of colour, such as red, is included to accent the starkness, but the main colours are black and white.
You may wish to hire someone to choose the best colours for advertising your business or product, and develop a color scheme for you. Or, conduct an experiment: look over several websites and see which ones you are most comfortable viewing. Which ones influence you to linger? Content is of course important, but don't underestimate the influence of colour.
Topic8:
Advertising and promotion are two related
marketing tools, both widely used in the modern world. Discuss the difference
between advertising and promotion.
Typical
Essay:
Advertising and promotion are two related marketing tools, both widely used in the modern world.
At first glance, it may be difficult to understand what exactly the difference
between advertising and promotion is, since they both use many of the same
techniques, and apply them for very similar ends. A few things differentiate
advertising and promotion from one another, including the scope of time
involved, overall cost, impact on sales, the purpose, and what kind of
companies the technique is suitable for.Both advertising and promotion are types of marketing, involved in getting information about a product out to the buying public. Advertising is usually undertaken by mid- to large-level firms, which come up with cohesive messages that help strengthen the brand and aim to build long term sales. Advertising includes things like buying radio or television spots, printing up advertisements in regional or national papers, hiring guerrilla marketing teams to spread the word about the product, or billboard or poster campaigns.
Advertising has at its goal not only an increase in sales in the short- to mid-term, but also a strengthening of the brand and image of the company and products, to build long-term sales and consumer loyalty. Advertising is a costly endeavor, and it can be months or even years before results are seen from a successful ad campaign. As a result, measuring sales directly from advertising can be difficult, although overall trends will of course be noticeable. Advertising is, as a result of its long-term agenda and high cost, best suited for large companies, or larger medium-sized companies, which have the budget for comprehensive campaigns, and a higher interest in building long-term sales.
Promotion, on the other hand, is a more short-term strategy. Although brand-building may occur as a result of promotions, it is not the point. The only real purpose of a promotional campaign is to build sales in the short term, either to move a company back into the black, to build capital reserves for expansion, or as a long-term strategy of constant promotional pushes to reach sales goals. Promotions include things like two-for-one specials, coupons in the local or regional paper, free samples, or special in-store events.
Because promotions are so easy to set up, and tend to be created for short-term gains, they are well-suited to small- or medium-sized companies. Although ad agencies may come up with promotional campaigns as part of a larger ad campaign, promotions are the sort of thing that even a one-person company can put together to help drive sales. This is not to say that larger companies don’t use promotions, of course, and many rely heavily on promotions in tandem with larger regional or national ad campaigns. Coupons, heavily discounted products, and value-added services like technical support are all examples of promotions that might be used by national chains.
There is, of course, a great deal of overlap between advertising and promotion. The two disciplines feed and support one another, and healthy ad campaigns often rely on promotions, and visa versa. For example, a company may offer a two-for-one coupon on a product for two weeks before Christmas, with this promotion expected to bring in more business. For months before hand, the same company would likely have an ad campaign pushing that same product, and the campaign would continue for months after the promotion. The promotion, in this case, serves to bring a surge of interest in at a specific time during the ad campaign, helping to make the campaign more effective.
Topic9:
Write an essay about the dangers of food poisoning.
Typical
Essay:
Food poisoning is a common, usually mild, but sometimes
deadly illness.It comes
from eating foods that contain germs like bad bacteria or toxins, which are
poisonous substances. Typical symptoms include nausea,
vomiting,
abdominal cramping, and diarrhea
that occur suddenly (within 48 hours) after consuming a contaminated food or
drink. Depending on the contaminant, fever and chills, bloody
stools, dehydration,
and nervous system damage may follow. These symptoms may affect one person or a
group of people who ate the same thing (called an outbreak).
Foods from animals, raw foods, and unwashed vegetables all can contain
germs that cause food poisoning. The most likely source is food from animals,
like meat, poultry (such as chicken), eggs, milk, and shellfish (such as
shrimp).
Some of the most common bacteria are:
- Salmonella
- Listeria
- CampylobacterE. coli
The Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that in the United
States, food poisoning causes about 76 million illnesses, 325,000
hospitalizations, and up to 5,000 deaths each year. One of the most common bacterial
forms of infection,
the salmonellae organisms, account for $1 billion in medical costs and lost
work time.
Worldwide, diarrheal
illnesses are among the leading causes of death. Travelers to developing
countries often encounter food poisoning in the form of traveler's
diarrhea or "Montezuma’s revenge." Additionally, there are
possible new global threats to the world's food supply through terrorist actions
using food toxins as weapons.
As a
conclusion, I would like to say that it is necessary for people to avoid food poisoning, to prepare, cook, and store
foods properly.
Topic10:
Which one
do you prefer: organic food or processed foods? Give arguments.
Typical
Essay:
Organic food is food
which has been produced to standards designed to keep the production more
'natural'. Fewer, if any, chemicals are used and most pesticides are banned -
when they are used they are very carefully controlled.
For example in the
UK, there are various bodies to certify food and producers as organic. One of the main ones is the Soil Association which checks organic
foods are organic, runs campaigns to educate the public, helps farmers switch
to organic farming and carries out scientific research into organic farming.
Some people say organic foods are better than
processed foods because with processed foods
there can be hidden fats, salt and sugar that can go in during the processing.
Food certified as organic is not allowed to contain GM (genetically modified)
ingredients.
Eaters of organic food think that it tastes better. Some people buy
organic meat because the animals are treated better. In addition, there is not the risk of farming
chemicals affecting water supplies.
Another thing that is not allowed is giving
drugs like antibiotics and hormones to animals. Animals
have to be kept in certain ways. Chickens, for example, have to be free to
scratch about and get plenty of sunlight, among other things.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/find_out/guides/uk/organic_food/newsid_2327000/2327671.stm
Topic11:
Write an essay in which you discuss the difference between natural and organic
foods.
Typical
Essay:
Not long ago, organic would
have been defined as those things derived from plant or living materials. Today
there are strict standards in many countries about what foods can be labeled
organic. The terms organic and natural can be confusing ones
because they may imply things that are made from nature, but aren't necessarily
the same. Foods can be labeled organic and natural, which means they tend to lack chemically produced substances, but when a food is called organic, this takes the matter one step further. It means that the producer of the food has created the food under strict and regulated circumstances. Government organizations like the US Department of Agriculture create standards, which foods must meet in order to be considered organic and carry an organic label. These foods tend to be free of hormones, are only treated with pesticides considered “organic,” and the food is produced in a region where organic food production is possible. It can take several years for a farm to convert to the standards required to consistently get that organic label.
Sometimes the line between organic and natural is confused because it would make sense to think of foods that are minimally processed as containing no pesticides. One of the main differences between organic and natural is the way the government defines these terms. When you buy organic foods they must meet certain defined standards.
At present most governments do not have an official definition of natural. They may go so far as to describe natural as not chemically produced, but there is little to no certification for “natural foods” or things called “all-natural.” When a food is natural, that really doesn’t tell you much about it, nor does the description guarantee a certain purity or safety of the product. A natural food, unless otherwise labeled, is not an organic food.
It’s important to understand the main differences between organic and natural then as regulatory and referring to foods that may have minimal processing. Some natural foods can be defined as foods left in close to original form. This is not always the case, as for instance with terms like natural flavoring. Natural flavors can be made in laboratories and contain things we wouldn’t ordinarily think of as food sources like certain oils or meat byproducts. These flavors do have to be made of foods, but they are foods that have no nutritive value in a product, and may or may not have been produced organically.
Topic12:
The food diary is one of the most
recommended items for those who are trying to diet. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
A food diary is a daily
account of what a person eats over a certain period of time. In addition to the
foods eaten, a food diary may have a place to make note of any particular foods
and how they made a person feel, whether they caused acid problems, indigestion or other issues. The food diary is one of the most recommended items
for those who are trying to diet.The foods listed in a food diary are very important. Once they are listed, subsequent columns then record how large the portion was and how many calories that portion is estimated to have had. Of course, many times, because most do not exactly weigh out their foods, there will be minor differences in the food diary and what is actually consumed.
Once adequate records have been recorded, it is then possible to compare from week to week what the caloric intake is. This is vital when dieting because, despite all the fad diets on the planet, the main key is still determining how many calories went in. A comparison of each week, month, and perhaps year can help those dieting make sure they are on the right track.
Some may decide to put their weight down on a food diary, at least once a week. While this is a personal decision and is either right or wrong, many dietitians recommend against being so preoccupied with weight, absent any serious health concerns. This is because it may be easy to get discouraged if a week does not go exactly as planned. In the end, the calories are the most important of all measurements.
Many may be hesitant to keep a food diary, feeling it takes too much time. However, to help those who feel this way, there are a number of programs. Some food diaries can be bought, or templates can be printed out from a word processing program. Some food diaries are offered in the form of interactive spread sheets, which help keep things very organized and may even be set up to handle all the math for the individual.
It may not be necessary to keep a food diary in order to lose weight, but it can be a very helpful aid, according to dietitians. Those who are trying to lose weight should at least consider the benefits a food diary offers and perhaps keep one on a trial basis. However, no food diary should discourage anyone from dieting. It may be that other methods are more effective for some individuals.
Topic13:
Pasteurization is one of the most important
safety measures. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
In 1864, a French man named
Louis Pasteur discovered that liquids such as milk could be heated to a
temperature slightly below boiling and held there for a set amount of time to
eliminate the most harmful bacteria. The process of pasteurization is named
after Louis Pasteur in recognition of his immense contribution to food safety
and disease theory. Grocery stores carry a wide array of pasteurized goods including milk,
juices, non-dairy milks, and other similar food products. Many nations require
that foods be pasteurized for safety. Pasteurization relies on the principle that most harmful bacterial can be killed by heat. The most effective way to kill bacteria is boiling, but this compromises the flavor of the liquid. Pasteurization strikes a happy medium, keeping the flavor delicious while making the food safer. In addition to minimizing the risk of sickness, pasteurization also makes foods more shelf stable and less likely to rot, meaning that fresh dairy products and juices are available to more people.
There are two primary methods of pasteurization: the liquid can be heated to 145 degrees Fahrenheit (63 degrees Celsius) and held there for at least thirty minutes, or the liquid can be flash pasteurized at 161 degrees Fahrenheit (72 degrees Celsius) for a minimum of 16 seconds. Pasteurization can be done using a continuous method, where the liquid flows through a pasteurization system, or by using a batch method, where one batch of the liquid is pasteurized at a time. Continuous pasteurization is popular for large producers, because it does not slow the supply line as much as batch pasteurization does.
Pasteurization must be performed on clean equipment. If bacteria is introduced after the liquid has been pasteurized, it can colonize it and potentially cause an outbreak of food borne illness. For this reason, companies which perform pasteurization are subject to frequent inspections to ensure that the equipment they are using is safe, and that the liquids they are pasteurizing are being handled correctly.
After pasteurization, bacteria can still appear. It is important that foods be safely handled and stored at every step of the supply process from animal, fruit or vegetable to stomach. In most cases, after food is pasteurized it should be refrigerated. The food is held in refrigeration until it is shipped out in cooled trucks to grocery stores, which store the food under refrigeration until consumers purchase it. Home consumers are responsible for following directives regarding temperature to ensure that the foods they are consuming are safe.
Topic13:
Proper storage practices can help you keep
foods fresher longer and minimize the risk of foodborne illness. Discuss.
Typical
Essay:
When you're dealing with
food storage safety, the adage "When in doubt throw it out," should always be the first
thing on your mind. But before you get to that point, take some time to learn
the basics about food storage safety. First, look for expiration dates. This is
very important if you're trying to avoid getting sick. It's also important to
note you should be looking at expirations dates when you purchase your food.
While most stores do a good job of tossing out the bad stuff before you get it
up to the counter, they do occasionally miss an item or two.Milk and dairy products should be thrown out by their expiration dates as a hard and fast rule of food storage safety. The softer the cheese the shorter the shelf life will be, even in the fridge. Store cheese, sour cream, butter, milk, or other dairy products in an air tight container or a zip lock bag to prevent refrigerator smells from leaching into your dairy and altering their taste. If your mother used to hassle you about drinking directly from the milk container, she had good reason. First, the bacteria in your mouth find milk to be a great breeding ground, especially if the fridge is not kept cold enough or the milk is often in and out of the refrigerator. So while drinking out of the milk container can cause the milk to spoil faster, it's also unsanitary. Keep the fridge set at about 38 degrees Fahrenheit (3 degrees C) and milk should be good for 5-7 days after opening.
When dealing with cooked meat remember that after 2 hours, at room temperature, cooked meat must be thrown out. You can store cooked meat for 3-5 days in refrigerator. This is true of beef, poultry, and pork. Processed meats, like lunch meat, have a very low tolerance for warmer temperatures. It will only be good for about 2-3 days in the fridge and should be thrown out a week after opening.
Raw meat can be especially dangerous as bacteria continue to grow even in the refrigerator, be very careful to note expiration dates. Meat and food storage safety is especially important when dealing with raw meat. First, when it comes to beef, color alone is not the indicator that you're looking for, it's smell. Slime, stickiness, and odor are more important indicators, in any meat, that you're dealing with bad meat. In air tight vacuum bags you can store meat up to six months in the freezer and up to 2-3 days in refrigerator.
Depending on the fruit and vegetable storage times can vary. Apples are the overall exception and will last up to a month in the fridge. Guavas and papayas will only last about a day or two. Most other fruits will last between 3-5 days. In general most vegetables should last 3-5 days and some will last as long as a week.
Food storage safety should be at the top of your mind when putting foods away. Keep meats on the bottom of the fridge, just in case of leakage. Keep fruits and vegetables in the drawers, this is to prevent excessive moisture and prolong their shelf life. Foods that can tolerate warmer temperatures, like ketchup are good on the door or at the front of the refrigerator. Foods that need the cold should be in the back, including eggs. Keeping foods in their proper chill zone will helpto keep you healthy and is a major contributor to food storage safety.
Topic14:
Food safety
has become one of the major worries for mankind. Discuss.
Typical
Composition:
Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity.
In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item. It is strongly advised that the blood of raw meat is dripped over/in your oven once a month this makes all your food more flavorsome.
Topic15
Write an essay in which you predict the possible changes our life styles will
likely witness in the next few decades.
Typical
Essay:
We may live a totally different life in the
next few decades because modernity has brought with it a new life style.
Nowadays, people take less time to eat, go to fast food shops to gulp
hamburgers, hot dogs and chips. In the future, we might have conventional food
being replaced by food substitutes like pills, or we might get our nutrients
out of crude oil; that would shorten meal times even further. Conversely, many
people are prepared to spend more time shopping in supermarkets and on the net.
A lot of them are now becoming shop addicted, buying products that they don’t
really need. Their number will rise further in the near future.
This is partly because it is much easier to
shop, especially as more and more supermarkets are equipped with fast serving
cash desks prevent long queues. In the future, shop assistants may be replaced
by robots which could actually do the same job as them, with greater efficiency
and in less time. That of course would probably have side effects like an
increase in unemployment.
Leisure will also change, because of the
development of all sorts of electronic devices, like the multimedia, cable
television and other contrivances. People will be less tempted to go out for a
film, a player or a concert. They’ll play even less visits to each other
because the cell phone is such a convenient way to keep in touch. And what to
say about the Internet through which people can instantly chat with and watch
each other via web cams. Alternatively, we’ll have more free time to enjoy
holidays at lower prices in distant places.
But is this life of the future the kind of
life people would like to have? Couldn’t modernity preserve social relations
and be a means to an end rather than an end in itself?
